Goldratt’s Rules of Flow: Chapter 21 – “One-on-One”

[If you haven’t read the original version of The Goal – it’s the original, the classic. Here’s a chapter-by-chapter video summary, and a <60 second summary too.][Click here for a video summary of Rules of Flow.]

This is a clever chapter title as it reflects at least three ‘one-on-ones’!

  1. Marc has a ‘one-on-one’ meeting with Linda, his top software project lead.
  2. Linda brings up that she wants to go ‘one-on-one’ and focus all her time on the company’s software needs and Marc as a savvy leader agrees with her idea.
  3. Lastly, Marc and Abbie wind up each at the same restaurant – recommended by the clever Linda – where they have dinner together – ‘one-on-one’.

Does that make this chapter a ‘three-on-one-on-one’?

Best Writing, Quotes

“He can tell these short meetings make a difference and his people look forward to them.” Marc, Page 123

“By using AI capabilities they are able to make the robotic arm adjust its reactions to changing conditions in ways that weren’t possible before.” Marc listens to Linda, the team’s software expert on Page 124. In some ways, it sounds like she may be programming a descendant of the NCX-10 from The Goal.

“No one is allowed to interrupt me when I’m working.” Linda knows how to defend her calendar – Page 124.

“I would like to dedicate all my time to software.” Linda makes a bold recommendation and Marc is wise enough to listen, Page 125.

“Looking at the big picture it makes sense for Linda to work solely on code.” Page 126

“Dinner is over but neither of them seems in any particular hurry to call it a night.” Marc and Abbie both wind up at the same ‘hip new restaurant’ recommended by Linda, Page 126.

  • When I talk about Goldratt, Theory of Constraints, and The Goal – using these emotional / personal scenes is really helpful in promoting a healthy dialog.
  • Even well worn tropes like “Will they? Won’t they?” make what would be a technical discussion more relevant to the team discussing the topic.
  • All that’s missing in continuing the ‘three-on-one-on-one’ (311?) metaphor, would be for Marc to lean in to Abbie and tell her, “Amber is the color of your energy.
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Goldratt’s Rules of Flow: Chapter 20 – “Synchronization” … Thanksgiving Turkey Dinner Operations

[If you haven’t read the original version of The Goal – it’s the original, the classic. Here’s a chapter-by-chapter video summary, and a <60 second summary too.][Click here for a video summary of Rules of Flow.]

A tweet two days before this chapter! Good timing.

This chapter changed my mind about this book, I now recommend it. Chapter 20’s focus on the American holiday of Thanksgiving, which focuses on the preparation of a Turkey, can go down as a more famous Goldratt-ian metaphor than Herbie and his famous scout hike from The Goal (Chapter 13, Chapter 15). Executive MBA professor Rick Silver has asked his class to study synchronization – which is simply aligning the goals of the organization to the primary constraint. For US Thanksgiving – this is the preparation of the turkey, which takes the longest and utilizes the primary tool for cooking, the oven.

The team at Goldratt and North River Press should push this chapter starting in October of each year, well ahead of the late November holiday. Make humorous videos where intellectual kids return from school to realize the wisdom of the way their parents run a kitchen. Re-write the chapter for different cultures to focus on other famous family meals and traditions. Promote the chapter on cooking shows which always appear desperate for interesting tie-ins.

Best Writing, Quotes:

“He was looking for a project that needs synchronization for his homework in the Rules of Flow course, and figures that Thanksgiving dinner is a perfect fit.” – Page 117

“When Marc enters the kitchen, he is surprised to find his mother sitting at the table having coffee. The turkey is already in the oven.” Page 117

  • The people doing the work know what to do.
  • She’s not busy for the sake of being busy.
  • How does a 32 year old man have no idea how Thanksgiving dinner works?

“Well, this is a complicated project that needs to be carefully planned and meticulously executed.” Laura, Marc’s mother on Page 118

“Knowing that enables me to calculate how many pounds of turkey we need and figure out the quantities for all the other dishes,” Laura continues. Page 118

“Earlier in the week I made a comprehensive grocery list and double-checked that I got all the ingredients I need. If I find that something is missing in the middle of cooking, all my planning might go down the drain.” Laura, Page 118

“To get the turkey in the oven by eight I needed to make the stuffing the day before.” Laura explains that at times the oven is the constraint to throughput, Page 118. A major constraint to the success of the project, that will be hit on later in the book, is Laura’s expertise.

“If we make the peas too early they will get cold and mushy and we’ll have to make new ones.” Page 119 – this is a call back to Chapter 11, “The Misconception About Starting Early.”

“Well, since we only have one oven, and it is occupied by the turkey for most of the day, all the other dishes have to be planned around it.” Laura, Page 119.

“Who cares if I’m efficient in making the casserole?” Laura replies to Marc’s idea of using a croc pot to bypass the oven on Page 120.

“You need to look at the big picture, Marc. Take all the other tasks into consideration and see where [when] would be the right time to take care of each dish.” Laura, Page 120

“To meet the due date on projects of this type, we have to start by scheduling the major task and then coordinating all the other tasks with it. We need to take into account how long it takes to perform each of the other tasks and what resources are required for them. We don’t want to work on one task when we should be working on another, and we certainly don’t want to get stuck because we need a specific resource while it is occupied by other tasks.” Page 121

“You need to identify the “turkeys”, the key people who are usually also the busiest, an synchronize everyone else’s schedules with theirs.” Page 121

  • “Turkey” is the new “Herbie.”

“But what if it was a multi-project environment and she was also preparing a different meal for the neighbors?” Marc extends his thought process on Page 122.

Bonus: Turkey Frying is a Bypass of the Oven Constraint

In our family, we use a turkey fryer. Lots of us work in project management – both software and manufacturing. The turkey fryer takes the turkey out of the oven – and takes it all the way outdoors. It is viewed as a masculine activity (?), so we activate half the Thanksgiving holiday participants to get involved, and we free up the house – especially the kitchen. This helps get everyone involved in preparation – it makes coordination easier because the cooking is faster, more people are involved, more space is utilized. However, it is not easy to produce a central ‘Laura’ who is the expert now, in fact we’ve got to create a totally different skill set for safely running a frying operation that is only completed once a year.

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Goldratt’s Rules of Flow: A Summary of Part 2 of 3 – Chapters 9 – 19, Pages 47 – 116

Chapters 9 – 12 kick off with Marc Wilson working with his work-crush Abbie to change their approach to project management; telling the team the plan, iterating once they have feedback, and dealing with customer response to the changing methods. Chapters 13 – 18 introduce the concept of “Full Kit” which is a checklist of the necessary ingredients for a successful completion of the next stage of the project. Chapters 13, 16, and 19 are set in the executive MBA classroom of Rick Silver, who serves as the ‘Jonah’ of Rules of Flow. In Chapter 19, the topic of ‘synchronization’ is introduced.

Marc’s team improves their throughput by making the suggested changes about ‘triage’ and controlling WIP that were made in Chapters 1-8. Marc’s sister running the production site becomes frustrated with a deluge of completed projects, indicating that in the last part of the book we should find some Goldratt perspectives on improving the performance of the entire entity, not just Mark’s realm. This is similar to how Alex Rogo is promoted in Chapter 31 of The Goal and with that gets greater perspective. We learn that Isaac, Marc’s father, has an incurable disease that he has not told his kids about, and that he plans to sell the business to a private equity firm.

Chapters 1- 8 (Link)

Marc Wilson, age 32, runs the engineering team for his father, Isaac at the business he created Wilson Advanced Solutions. In the first chapter they loose their biggest customer, Doolen, because their projects are too late, which leads Isaac to say he’s thinking of selling the business. Marc enrolls in an executive MBA program, where his Professor Richard Silver teaches a class on rules of flow. Marc visits his older sister, Sam, who runs the production team at a location in the South and has a successful family – Marc is single and lonely. In class Marc learns about triage and the harmful effects of multitasking.

Chapter 9 – “Will it work?” (Link)

Marc visits with Abbie about cutting the WIP – freezing projects – in order to increase their throughput. Abbie observes that if they want to cut execution time in half, they should probably cut the WIP in half too. These observations are very similar to ones made in Chapter 28 of The Goal.

Chapter 10 – “The Multitasking Game” (Link)

After deciding to move forward in Chapter 9, Marc and Abbie take their idea to the engineering project team – where they meet with some expected resistance. Nonetheless, they persevere.

These observations are very similar to ones made in Chapter 28 of The Goal. The playing of the game is also very similar to what Alex Rogo does with his son’s scout troop in Chapter 14, between Chapters 13 and 15, which encapsulate Herbie’s famous scout hike.

Chapter 11 – “The Misconception About Starting Early” (Link)

Isaac, Marc’s father, hears from a customer that the company’s approach to projects is changing. He meets with Isaac to learn more, and respects his son’s decision to make a bold change. Efrat Goldratt-Ashlag uses a similar writing technique as her father did with Alex Rogo in Chapter 7 of The Goal – the primary character’s ability to retreat is removed, forcing them to try approaches that would otherwise be seen as reckless. Just as Rogo follows Jonah in The Goal to make big changes that are contrary to popular opinion, Marc follows Professor Richard Silver’s guidance on changing their approach to projects because otherwise the business will fail.

Chapter 12 – “Dynamics of Theories and Trends” (Link)

On a Friday evening a few weeks later, Abbie tells Marc that some of the team is idle and unhappy about it. Marc goes on a blind date with Tina. In some ways, the writing about Marc is as unsatisfying as the description of Julie in The Goal.

Chapter 13 – “Full kit” (Link)

Marc is back in Rick Silver’s executive MBA classroom. Professor Silver introduces the concept of “full-kit” or thorough preparation via a written checklist and how to use a stage-gate type process to ensure full-kit before beginning a project. After the class Marc calls Abbie in excitement to let her know he’s got a solution for their woes, and is disappointed to find she is going out on a date.

Chapter 14 – “T Minus Preparation” (Link)

Marc and Abbie roll out the ‘full-kit’ concept to their team. Marc shows Abbie his ‘WIP Board’ and learns that when he caught Abbie on the Saturday evening, her blind date had gone poorly. Abbie and Marc seem lonely, and the ‘will-they-won’t-they’ tension in the writing feels like the constant tension between Alex and Julie Rogo. I wonder if there will be a “You bastard!” misunderstanding scene like there was in Chapter 24 of The Goal.

Chapter 15 – “Enough Weight, Enough Repetitions” (Link)

The author puts the protagonist into a social setting to put the concepts into a different light. Marc lifts with his friend Tim, there are similarities between lifting and focusing on projects. Marc is no longer dating Tina, but hints that he would not date Abbie because she is a co-worker. At just two pages, this short chapter is stylistically similar to Chapter 7 from The Goal; Goldratt used several short chapters to advance the story.

Chapter 16 – “Dosage” (Link)

Marc is back in Professor Rick Silver’s executive MBA course. Professor Richard Silver brings in two guests to talk about the concept of ‘dosage’ for projects, which is really the ‘batch size’ or ‘amount of work done’ for a project. One guest worked in aircraft maintenance and the other in corrections – the concept of dosage helped improve the flow of both of their processes. The concept of dosage here is similar to that of batch size that Goldratt originally focused on in Chapter 28.

Chapter 17 – “Full Kit Before Production” (Link)

The Full-kit concept, first introduced in Chapter 13 continues to be refined – just as Eliyahu Goldratt used Rogo’s experience in the plant to refine key concepts in The Goal. By having clear checklists and only kicking off projects that have the necessary ingredients for success, Marc sees his department is getting more done and the people appear to be happier. His sister, Sam, running the company’s plant is unhappy and calls to tell him so – because Marc’s team increased throughput is releasing more to her team than she is prepared to handle. Similar to the original Goal, where the constraint is perceived to be the robot, the NCX-10, it turns out that there are more constraints once the process is fully mapped. Marc reflects on their situation with Abbie and they note that these ‘gates’ are effective and worth implementing in more positions in their project management process.

Chapter 18 – “Additional Gates” (Link)

We follow our protagonist to a new setting, his parent’s home. Marc has dinner with his parents, Laura and Isaac. A reminder that Isaac is the owner of the business – they apparently haven’t spoken in a month, which is not a good indicator for Isaac’s leadership capabilities. Isaac likes the results of the ‘Rules of Flow’ so far, but shoots down the idea of implementing a “Gate Zero” because he, “understands the customers better.” After Marc leaves, Laura says that his ideas were good, but Isaac rebuffs her as well and we learn that he has some disease that has not been disclosed to his son and that he is under letter of intent (“LOI”) with a private equity firm to sell the business.

It’s easy to put on another hat and see Isaac as a terrible boss and father who doesn’t listen to his son / employee while withholding critical information – his untreatable terminal illness and pending sale of the company. Write this story with that angle and it becomes a warning tale about narcissism and other dark triad activity.

Chapter 19 – “Rework and Standardization” (Link)

Marc is back in his executive MBA course with Professor Richard Silver. The class discusses many topics, Marc observes that local optimization is a trap – in the same way that Jonah pointed out this issue to Alex Rogo in Chapter 8 of The Goal. The fact that rework is a waste of resources and an indicator of other problems is discussed. Rick introduces the concept of synchronization which is the homework assignment.

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Goldratt’s Rules of Flow: Chapter 19 – “Rework and Standardization”

[If you haven’t read the original version of The Goal – it’s a better book. Here’s a chapter-by-chapter video summary, and a <60 second summary too.]

Marc is back in his executive MBA course with Professor Richard Silver. The class discusses many topics, Marc observes that local optimization is a trap – in the same way that Jonah pointed out this issue to Alex Rogo in Chapter 8 of The Goal. The fact that rework is a waste of resources and an indicator of other problems is discussed. Rick introduces the concept of synchronization which is the homework assignment.

Best Writing, Quotes

“I have tried talking with my bosses about implementing triage and reducing the bad multitasking and I hit a brick wall.” Charlie, the construction guy, in class to Professor Silver Page 109

“These local efforts are not only useless, they are harmful.” Marc says to the class on Page 109

“Think about it, management attention is the number one constraint in most organizations. We better use it where it counts.” Professor Rick Silver to the executive MBA class on Page 110

“Having to redo the same tasks is clearly a waste of time and resources, and by definition it unnecessarily clogs the flow.” Charlie to the class, Page 111

“But if there is an issue with the way we operate that makes us repeat certain tasks on an ongoing basis, it is definitely an obstacle to our flow that we should pinpoint and handle.” Rick to the class, Page 111

“Is it because they start to work too early before the scope of the project is finalized, is the goal of the project ill-defined, or is it something else?” Rick to the class, Page 112

“Be aware that rework is [not just] an obstacle to flow on its own, but often it is a result of other obstacles.” Rick, Page 112

“If we improvise on a constant basis in important tasks, then it is most likely an obstacle to our flow.” Rick Page 112

“Having standard templates for their projects will significantly reduce the time it takes to write proposals.” Marc thinks to himself on Page 113

“For your homework, choose a project that just such a prominent task in it and figure out the needed synchronization.” Rick to the class, page 114

“Or choose another project that has nothing to do with your line of work.” Rick shuts down a student who claims they have no such synchronization issues, Page 116

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Goldratt’s Rules of Flow: Chapter 18 – “Additional Gates”

[If you haven’t read the original version of The Goal – it’s a better book. Here’s a chapter-by-chapter video summary, and a <60 second summary too.]

Marc has dinner with his parents, Laura and Isaac. A reminder that Isaac is the owner of the business – they apparently haven’t spoken in a month, which is not a good indicator for Isaac’s leadership capabilities. Isaac likes the results of the ‘Rules of Flow’ so far, but shoots down the idea of implementing a “Gate Zero” because he, “understands the customers better.” After Marc leaves, Laura says that his ideas were good, but Isaac rebuffs her as well and we learn that he has some disease that has not been disclosed to his son and that he is under letter of intent (“LOI”) with a private equity firm to sell the business.

It’s easy to put on another hat and see Isaac as a terrible boss and father who doesn’t listen to his son / employee while withholding critical information – his untreatable terminal illness and pending sale of the company. Write this story with that angle and it becomes a warning tale about narcissism and other dark triad activity.

Best Writing, Quotes

“It’s been a month since they last talked in Isaac’s office and Marc hasn’t seen him since.” Page 103

“We finished a lot of the projects that were close to completion and I expect that things wills tart moving faster now.” Marc to his father Isaac – Page 104

“At the very beginning, before we start working on the bids.” Marc suggests a Gate Zero and is rebuffed, Page 105

“They have their own practices and its not our place to dictate to them how to go about their business.” An upset Isaac reminds Marc he’s in charge, Page 105

“But he can see that the customers have a lot to benefit from their help as well, if they could reduce the pain of going back and forth with multiple potential suppliers, answering questions regarding missing elements in the bids.” Marc thinks about the benefits of a Gate Zero, page 106

“Marc tries to continue the discussion but his father refuses to listen.” Page 106

“And you should trust him, too.” Marc’s mother, Laura, to his father, Isaac – Page 107

“But now the competition is stronger than ever, the large companies rule, and more and more small companies like ours go out of business.” Isaac defends his condescending view of Marc’s ideas using macroeconomic forces – Page 107

“Next they will ask him to sign a sixty-day no-shop clause, committing he will not solicit offers from other buyers while Laramie takes the time to do their due diligence.” Isaac is entering into a deal with a private equity firm, Laramie, because he has some illness for which he will not get treatment and has not told his children – Page 108

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Goldratt’s Rules of Flow: Chapter 17 – “Full-kit Before Production”

[If you haven’t read the original version of The Goal – it’s a better book. Here’s a chapter-by-chapter video summary, and a <60 second summary too.]

The Full-kit concept, first introduced in Chapter 13 continues to be refined – just as Eliyahu Goldratt used Rogo’s experience in the plant to refine key concepts in The Goal. By having clear checklists and only kicking off projects that have the necessary ingredients for success, Marc sees his department is getting more done and the people appear to be happier. His sister, Sam, running the company’s plant is unhappy and calls to tell him so – because Marc’s team increased throughput is releasing more to her team than she is prepared to handle. Similar to the original Goal, where the constraint is perceived to be the robot, the NCX-10, it turns out that there are more constraints once the process is fully mapped. Marc reflects on their situation with Abbie and they note that these ‘gates’ are effective and worth implementing in more positions in their project management process.

Best Quotes, Writing

“These preparations are tedious and they take time, but Marc made it clear he would not tolerate any exceptions.” Page 97

“There are still a lot of interruptions, but overall it’s quieter and less hectic than before.” Page 97

“Your people are asking for features that we can’t produce, again!” Marc’s sister Sam, who is frustrated by the downstream impact of his team’s improved throughput Page 98

“He had missed an important gate: the handover from engineering to production.” Page 98

“Well, the best way to go about it is to have planned handover meetings with the relevant people from engineering and production, as well as Rebecca.” Page 99

“It’s just that I’m already involved in so many meetings that I hardly have time to work.” Abbie to Marc on Page 100

“So, we started with one gate and ended up with two.” Page 101

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Goldratt’s Rules of Flow: Chapter 16 – “Dosage”

[If you haven’t read the original version of The Goal – it’s a better book. Here’s a chapter-by-chapter video summary, and a <60 second summary too.]

Professor Richard Silver brings in two guests to talk about the concept of ‘dosage’ for projects, which is really the ‘batch size’ or ‘amount of work done’ for a project. One guest worked in aircraft maintenance and the other in corrections – the concept of dosage helped improve the flow of both of their processes. The concept of dosage here is similar to that of batch size that Goldratt originally focused on in Chapter 28.

Best Quotes, Writing (Pages 89 – 96)

“Therefore, to improve the flow and the quality of our outcome, we need to go deeper and provide a larger dosage of work to each project before we move on to the next one.” Professor Richard Silver to the class, Page 89

Bill Meyers, local aviation company manager and graduate of the course, joins to give examples.

“Expiring tasks refer to the inspections and checks that need to be done to all these system and parts every fixed period of time or after a certain amount of flight hours.” – Page 90

“Now, each time we touch an airplane we give it a much bigger dosage of work than before; we check deeper and fix and replace things that are more than just the minimum.” Page 91

“Providing a larger dosage for each aircraft means that we perform not only the tasks that are currently expired, but also tasks that will expire in the next two weeks.” Page 92

“We used to think that maximizing the efficiency of each resource, technician, or work station would yield the best global results. But now we know that local efficiency does not translate into global efficiency. Our primary objective is to maximize flow.” Page 93

“Traditionally, the assumption was that we should supervise the offenders for a long period of time to ensure they didn’t slip. Each offender got personal one-hour visits every other week for a period of up to a year.” Sandra, Bill’s wife, works in corrections – Page 94

“But we kept playing with the idea and eventually we came up with the plan for a hundred hours of structured activities.” Sandra, Page 95

“And it all started when Bill told me what he learned in your class about dosage.” Sandra, Page 96

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Goldratt’s Rules of Flow: Chapter 15 – “Enough Weight, Enough Repetitions”

[If you haven’t read the original version of The Goal – it’s a better book. Here’s a chapter-by-chapter video summary, and a <60 second summary too.]

Pages 87 – 88

Marc lifts with his friend Tim, there are similarities between lifting and focusing on projects. Marc is no longer dating Tina, but hints that he would not date Abbie because she is a co-worker. At just two pages, this short chapter is stylistically similar to Chapter 7 from The Goal; Goldratt used several short chapters to advance the story.

Best Quotes, Writing

“The idea is to work on fewer groups of muscles in each session but do enough weight and enough repetitions to properly exhaust the muscles and build their strength.” – When hobbies provide guidance on work, Page 87

“Dating someone you work with is not an option.” Marc says to his lifting buddy, Tim – Page 88

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Exercises and Drills that Helped me Avoid Hip Replacement Surgery

I’m pain free with improved mobility after a physician told me “you’ll have to get a full artificial hip” in November 2019. With a long scout excursion planned to Philmont this summer I’ve been extending the different exercises I do to maintain and improve mobility. Of course, it all starts with regular abdominal / core work outs. These three videos and another two from Taro Iwamoto are here.

Exercise #1: Standing Hip Opener

It was also good to do this standing, but bent over at the hips with hands on a bench or bar to ensure that your body doesn’t rotate while performing the exercise. I started with the tight side (for me, the left side), did 5 reps, then to the other side x5 = 1 set. 2.5 sets per day, twice a day.

Exercise #2: Weighted Kettlebell Hip Opener

This really helped with strength. I did it on a tumbling mat. In some ways, he does the exercise as an extremely scaled down version of the Ben Patrick of ATG (Knees over toes guy) split squat. You’re already on the ground performing the smallest amount of movement to push the boundary of your range of motion. I can do a split squat with my right hip – the ‘good’ one – but the weighted KB hip opener on the left has really served as a very basic version of a split squat for the left side, where my range of motion is limited.

Exercise #3: Hip CARs

This was my first exposure to Tom Morrison and his Controlled Articulated Rotations (aka “CARs”), and it’s been very helpful. The first time lead to cramping almost right away, even with very limited range of motion. I’ve now been playing with modifications of this from a quadriped position, and also starting with my back on a bench.

What’s next?

Could a hip replacement be needed in the future? Maybe, but I hope not. I’ve gone from chronic pain, limited range of motion and limited endurance for walking / standing back to a regular, pain free life. It has not been easy, however in many ways the work that I’ve done is similar to what would be required to recover from such a surgery.

End.

Answered questions:

  • How can I avoid hip surgery?
  • Do I need an artificial hip?
  • What physical therapy reduces the need for hip surgery?
  • How do I reduce hip pain?
  • Can exercise replace hip surgery?
  • What exercises reduce hip pain?
  • Is an artificial hip the only way to reduce pain? Can hip pain go away without surgery?
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Goldratt’s Rules of Flow: Chapter 14 – “T Minus Preparation”

[If you haven’t read the original version of The Goal – it’s a better book. Here’s a chapter-by-chapter video summary, and a <60 second summary too.]

Pages 81 – 86

Marc and Abbie roll out the ‘full-kit’ concept to their team. Marc shows Abbie his ‘WIP Board’ and learns that when he caught Abbie on the Saturday evening, her blind date had gone poorly. Abbie and Marc seem lonely, and the ‘will-they-won’t-they’ tension in the writing feels like the constant tension between Alex and Julie Rogo. I wonder if there will be a “You bastard!” misunderstanding scene like there was in Chapter 24 of The Goal.

Best Writing, Quotes

“Yeah,” Abbie smiles, “that was a good save when you asked everyone to use their phones.” – Page 81

“From now on, we will open the gate and start working on the next project only if it has a full-kit.” Marc to Noah, Page 82

“The WIP board has five columns and a row for each of the project managers.” Page 83

“I’ll incorporate my tasks from the projects that I’m managing, plus the tasks for the other projects that need my assistance.” Abbie to Marc, Page 84

The ‘Engineering WIP Board’ from Page 84.
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